Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a condition that usually affects women, and is associated with pain in several areas of the body and fatigue. Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain along with sleep, memory and mood conditions. Symptoms are often times seen soon after physical trauma or psychological stress. Other times, symptoms occur without any preceding event. Women are more likely to develop fibromyalgia than men. People with fibromyalgia have tender points on the body affecting the neck, shoulders, trapezius muscles, buttocks, hips, arms, ankles and legs. These points are painful when pressure is applied. People with fibromyalgia often have associated disorders including thyroid dysfunction, irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular joint disorder, depression and anxiety.
SYMPTOMS:
Patients present with deep constant aches which arise within the muscle. The pain occurs in several areas of the body above and below the waist. Additional pain occurs with pressure is applied to certain areas in the body, known as tender points. The tender points occur in several areas, including the back of the head, shoulders, chest, outer part of the elbows, the outside of the hips, and inner knees and ankles. Patients may also present with fatigue.
Figure 1: Fibromyalgia Tender Points
CAUSES OF FIBROMYALGIA:
The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. Several research projects are underway to further understand this condition. Patients with fibromyalgia may have a lower threshold for pain due to increased sensitivity to pain signals in the brain. Some researchers believe that there is genetic involvement. Other theories include reduced neurotransmitters in the brain leading to constant pain. Fibromyalgia is diagnosed most often in women. Female hormones may play a role in experiencing pain.
TREATMENT OPTIONS:
Treatment can be difficult and involves an interdisciplinary approach. Aerobic activity has been shown to improve symptoms in affected individuals, in addition to proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. Psychological and behavioral approaches in order to reduce stress have shown to be helpful. Certain medications are now approved for fibromyalgia, but it is important to not solely rely on these drugs. It is essential to discuss treatment options with a physician knowledgeable about this condition.
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